It increased with increasing percentage of waste up to 30% and then decreased gradually. Thanks to volunteers, the district of Arequipa will be an inspiration for the entire Peru. For program information, visit our website at: tn.gov/environment/sw-solid-waste. Therefore, a high amount of waste plastic is being accumulated, which creates big challenges for their disposal [7, 10]. Today, sustainability has obtained top priority in construction industry. The aspect of sustainability has been particularly introduced into solid waste management during the past two decades. Eco-friendly road construction is one that is beneficial or non-harmful to the environment and is energy and resource efficient. Licensee IntechOpen. Solid waste management is an important aspect of urban area management. Disposal the sustainability of plastic for a wide variety of application, organizations are faced with the growing problem of finding alternative methods for disposing a large volume of waste packages. Direct conversion method is one of the non-conventional recycling methods that are relatively simple, economic, and environmental-friendly process, which can be considered as a sustainable manufacturing process [19–24]. It encourages continuous to improved efficiency of using energy and resources [5]. I am optimistic about my families future. By using games for the demonstration, they caught the attention of people attending an environmental fair in Arequipa. Solid-state metal conversion is one of the most important processes that can be used to eliminate the required energy for melting due its ability to produce solid parts directly from solid chips. Contact our London head office or media team here. The amount of waste generated from casting metal can be estimated as 3–5% of casting weight, which is produced as chips again. Therefore, this chapter offers a short introduction about sustainability, sustainable manufacturing process, solid-state management, and two case studies that include experimental works for recycling plastic waste and nonferrous waste materials by using sustainable solid waste recycling process to reduce waste and eliminate its influence on the environment. Waste is defined as any substances or objects that the holder discards or intends to discard. 2.Concepts of Sustainability, Environmental Sustainability and Sustainable Waste Management. They used and produced by applying a sustainable manufacturing process that reduces the waste, cost, environmental pollution and impact. Moreover, the products with 25–30% waste polyethylene have good workability to make holes without any problem. Solid Waste Management in São Paulo: The challenges of sustainability Pedro roberto Jacobi and Gina rizPah besen Urban sustainability and waste reduction O ne Of the biggest challenges of modern society is addressing the ex-cessive generation and the environmentally safe disposal of solid waste. Therefore, it's very important to develop an efficient recycling process that prevents generation of chips again. It can be classified into non-hazardous waste such as packaging waste and hazardous waste like chemical waste [3]. It includes information on Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) generation, recycling, composting, … It saves money because there is no need to prepare powder for forming and sintering the products as the process used for powder metallurgy. Moreover, using post-consumer plastic waste in concrete will not only be its safe disposal method but may improve the concrete properties like tensile strength, chemical resistance, drying shrinkage and creep on short- and long-term basis [7, 10]. The applications of plastic materials and their composites are still growing rapidly due to their low cost and ease of manufacture. waste management can multiply environmental and public health hazards, and economic losses. One of the environmental issues in most regions of Iraq is the large number of package made from polyethylene materials such as shampoo sachets, carry-bags, nitro packs, milk and water pouches, and vegetable packages, and so on, which are deposited in domestic waste and landfills. Lecture Notes: http://www.edmerls.com/index.php/Environmental%20Studies/For Unedited raw footage ask in comment box. The potential economic value of sustainability is recognized to not merely decrease environmental risks but also to optimize the social and economic benefits of environmental protection. The largest component of the plastic waste is polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, and polystyrene [7, 9, 10]. The developed process can be considered as a typical green forming or environmentally manufacturing process for lightweight materials. ", UN Volunteers who are part of the PEI project in Arequipa, Peru, demonstrate how to correctly separate solid waste. Waste disposal has adverse impacts on the local air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. The yield points for them are 971, 915 and 945 N, for immerged 7 days, respectively, and 2352 for mixed of 25% and 1271 N 30% after immerged 28 days. The increasing volume and complexity of waste associated with the modern economy is posing a serious risk to ecosystems and human health. The term "solid waste" means any discarded or abandoned material. Sustainability has been applied in the field of engineering, manufacturing, design, technology, economics, environmental stewardship and health. Furthermore, energy conservation and environment preservation are a challenging task worldwide. Sustainable Solid Waste Recycling, Skills Development for Sustainable Manufacturing, Christianah Olakitan Ijagbemi and Harold Moody Campbell, IntechOpen, DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.70046. The density of cold extruded Al-Zn alloy and copper metal chips reached 95% of the density of parts produced by conventional method. But current and future human generations at risk due to overpopulation, the gaps between rich and poor, reduction of natural resources, biodiversity loss and climate change will reduce. Solid waste management is a serious environmental and social concern in Peru. Plastic cement with waste polyethylene up to 60% has a good workability because it is possible to make hole by using a drill machine as shown in Figure 2. It is 1.375 gm/cm3 when the percentage of polyethylene equals 60% [10]. Nowadays, several recycling methods have been used to transfer chips into useful part which can be classified as conventional and non-conventional recycling method. The results show that after 28 days the moisture percentage will be less than the moisture of plastic cement that was immerged for 7 days. Local debates about using trash for fill in San Francisco Bay … Solid-state recycling process becomes an effective and powerful methodology to realize the green state forming from recyclable wastes to useful parts. Regulating facilities that collect, store and transfer, process and treat, or dispose of solid waste. It is clear that improper waste management practices have a significant impact on the natural environment and sustainable development in the study area. The range of moisture after immersing for 7 days is 23.4–10.5% and after immersing for 28 days is 11.6–3.60%. The maximum density of product is 1.972 gm/cm3, which is less than the density of cement mortar that produced from sand and Portland cement. There are two case studies conducted in the field of recycling of solid wastes materials that included polyethylene waste and non-ferrous metal waste. Solid waste management refers to the collecting, treating, and disposing of solid material that is discarded or is no longer useful. Over one million tons of solid waste is taken to the city's SR85 Landfill each year. UNV works in 150 countries and territories, deploying UN Volunteers to advance sustainable development at grassroots level. The subject of waste is the last installment of this three-part series on sustainability and the big environmental challenges. This website Yes we can! Nowadays, overpopulation and rapid development of industries and lifestyle lead to an increase in the consumption of natural resources and reduction of their resource. The result grinding polyethylene wastes are sieved to separate the fine particles from the coarse particles to be ready for mixing with Portland cement and water as shown in Figure 1. The generated chips had been recycled by traditional methods that include remelting and casting processes, which lead to loss of parts of chips due to their oxidation because of their size and weight. The course covers international environmental management with emphasis… Solid waste management is a serious environmental and social concern in Peru. The density of plastic cement that was produced by using high-density polyethylene waste materials was reduced with 15% of traditional concrete. Solid-state recycling process is proposed to realize the direct recycling of polyethylene as the green engineering forming technology [6, 8, 9]. It measures the change in welfare for each individual affected by policy choice. The project will take a holistic approach to improve solid-waste management (SWM) services nationwide, and strengthen sector performance and environmental sustainability … @article{osti_982834, title = {An overview of the sustainability of solid waste management at military installations}, author = {Borglin, S and Shore, J and Worden, H and Jain, R}, abstractNote = {Sustainable municipal solid waste management at military solutions necessitates a combined approach that includes waste reduction, alternative disposal techniques, and increased recycling. On the other hand, life cycle assessment is defined as a cradle to grave analysis or cradle to cradle of environment impacts of various products, to determine how changes in processes could lower the environmental impact, and to compare the environmental impacts of different products [2]. Built by scientists, for scientists. Therefore, environmental improvements are related to manufacturing processes that are linked to reduction, reuse, recycling, and remanufacturing. Waste management is a crucial area related to the economic status of a country and the lifestyle of its population. However, non-conventional recycling process was done by extrusion and sintering process, which leads to save 95% of energy that was consumed in conventional recycling process and can reduce solid waste disposal, and CO2 emission as well. “Waste Management prepared its first ‘Environmental Report’ in 1992, well before we used the term ‘sustainability,’ and before we regularly reported on environmental, social and governance (ESG) principles,” said Jim Fish, president and CEO of Waste Management… The main benefits of recycling are reduction of material hauling and disposal costs and preservation of landfill capacity which lead to elongation of landfill design life and sometimes cheaper materials compared to virgin materials. Therefore, their stress-strain diagram exhibited both elastic and plastic deformation before fracture. The stress-strain behavior is plastic behavior, which has several stages of deformation. Waste is not separated but often dumped into rivers, contaminating the water. Ahmad K. Jassim (November 29th 2017). Our goal at Waste Management is to connect those threads in tangible, effective ways to help people realize how important they are to our mission of environmental stewardship. Each year EPA releases the Advancing Sustainable Materials Management: Facts and Figures Fact Sheet, formerly called Municipal Solid Waste in the United States: Facts and Figures. In addition, the hardness of cold extruded chips was equal to 98% of the parts produced by cast and rolled [18, 28–30]. All goods and products contain raw materials and energy. Waste Management. https://www.unv.org/news/management-solid-waste-sustainable-development In the past, we have published a comprehensive report every two years and an update of key data in between. The developing process can be considered as a typical green-forming or environmental manufacturing process for lightweight alloys. Solid Waste Management Our programs have evolved from a focus primarily on disposal to an increased emphasis on resource conservation and recovery. Open Access is an initiative that aims to make scientific research freely available to all. Approximately half is from residences and the other half … It is dependent on the percentage of fine polyethylene waste as shown in some examples in Figures 3 and 4. One of the most important processes that use to eliminate waste, cost, and energy required for recycling non-ferrous metal waste is solid-state metal conversion process that belongs to sustainable manufacturing process. Yield points for different specimens have been found which lie in the range of 568–971 N after 7 days and from 571 to 2352 N after 28 days. Samples are left in the mould until dry and then are immersed in water for 3–4 days for solidifying and curing to increase their cohesion. The difficulties encountered in recycling are labor costs, lack of government awareness and support toward recycling, and limited real-life applications of recycled materials to allow for evaluation for their performance. We provide waste management, public cleaning and recycling services. In: So W., Chow C., Lee J. This book focuses on education for environmental sustainability, in particular the area of solid waste management. Waste Management will provide annual updates on its environmental goals and key indicators and will provide a comprehensive GRI-based sustainability report every two years. The magnitude and direction of pressing significantly affected the properties of produced parts. Environmental Sustainability Management (ESM) is a comprehensive system used to effectively control waste. Publishing on IntechOpen allows authors to earn citations and find new collaborators, meaning more people see your work not only from your own field of study, but from other related fields too. It works as semi-crystalline polymer, flexible concrete and not brittle as Sand-Portland cement concrete. Moreover, it is a lightweight material, non-toxic material, resistance to stain and offers excellent impact resistance and high tensile strength. This leads to an increase in the efficiency of a process and reduces the amount of pollution, which will shift the industrial processes from open-loop system to closed-loop systems where the resource wastes become inputs for new processes [10, 12]. This trend can be attributed to the decrease in adhesive strength between the surface of the waste plastic and the cement paste. A particular focus is given to literature which pertains to the management of municipal solid waste (MSW) Nowadays, sustainable manufacturing has evolved beyond the life cycle view and the key business has benefits from sustainable manufacturing, which includes financial performance, business excellence, and relationship with stakeholders as follows [6]: Improve efficiency and productivity by reducing resource use and waste. Waste management has become a significant business issue for small businesses in recent years. To be eco-friendly, it must imbibe certain basic elements, namely eco-friendly, eco-extraction, eco-manufacturing, eco-construction, eco-rehabilitation, eco-maintenance, and eco-demolition. Policy Statement Northwestern is committed to enhancing the health and wellbeing of its campus community, to increasing safety practices, to … The growing identification of sustainability as both a process and a goal ensures long-term human well-being. How? benefits from the continuous support of UN Online Volunteers. ... Environmental Sustainability and Education for Waste Management. It is also spurred by the increase in demand for eco-cities and eco-developments that are more environmentally friendly. It has many benefits including simple, cost-effective, and energy saving and can be clean recycled as it does not harm the environment. It is used to develop integrated policies that take full account of the three sustainable development dimensions and long-term considerations of those policies [2]. Demonstrating green know-how and setting a positive example. We take special care to reduce, recycle and eliminate hazardous solid waste. Sustainable waste management provides ideal opportunities to collaborate and work in partnership (SDG 17) – the wealthy and the poor, the formal and informal, communities, business, … GSA manages solid waste in accordance with federal, state, and local regulations, and waste is generally managed under the following categories: municipal solid waste (trash or garbage), construction and demolition waste, and hazardous waste. Portland cement and fine polyethylene waste are mixed by water to get concrete mix without using sand to study the effect of replacement sand by fine polyethylene waste. This includes the collection, transport, treatment and disposal of waste, together with monitoring and regulation of the waste management process and waste-related laws, technologies, economic mechanisms.. Therefore, sustainable development becomes a key objective in human development due to increasing human activity. Improving waste management is the main goal of the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)-United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) Poverty Environment Initiative (PEI) Integrated Management of Solid Waste for Sustainable and Inclusive Development, which has involved the United Nations Volunteers (UNV) programme since 2013. Sample of plastic cement produced in this research with a hole [10]. Therefore, sustainable waste management will help to. Sustainable manufacturing is defined as the creation of manufactured products that use processes that minimize negative environmental impacts, conserve energy and natural resources, are safe for employees, communities and consumers and are economically sound [1, 5, 6]. This book focuses on education for environmental sustainability, in particular the area of solid waste management. Phoenix Environmental Sustainability Goals - Waste. Several principles are important in applying the suitable sustainability tools. They focus on the environmental policies, which increasingly require the reduction, reuse, and recycling of waste for contributing to closing the loop of material use throughout economy by providing waste-derived materials as inputs for production. Due to Implementation of successful solid waste management, both public health and the quality of the environment … Researchers have found that there is a possibility to produce a good quality of cement by using the waste of polyethylene. To date our community has made over 100 million downloads. This chapter discusses biochar and its properties and uses for waste management. Plastic has different properties such as durable and corrosion resistant, good isolation for cold, heat and sound, saving energy, economical, has a longer life and light weight. Taking care of the planet isn’t an easy job, so it's important for us to spread sustainability knowledge to our friends, neighbors, and family members. As PhD students, we found it difficult to access the research we needed, so we decided to create a new Open Access publisher that levels the playing field for scientists across the world. It is improving the quality of human life while living within the carrying capacity of supporting ecosystems, through vague conveys: the idea of sustainability having quantifiable limits. … However, eco-friendly comprises eco-design, eco-extraction, eco-manufacturing, eco-construction, eco-rehabilitation, eco-maintenance, eco-demolition, and socio-economic empowerment. Traditional disposal method by landfill is considered to be the least … They can be usefully applied in the sustainability assessment and management process. On the other hand, ecosystem services are goods and services that contribute to human well-being and the valuation measured in money terms can be used in benefit cost analysis to capture a more complete picture of the net benefit of alternative actions. Solid-state recycling process becomes an effective and powerful methodology to realize the green state forming from recyclable waste to useful parts. Waste Management and COVID-19. Therefore, direct recycling method or solid-state recycling method is a promising approach technology that helps to overcome the problem of material loss during remelting of chips and energy saving with environmental protection by reducing gas emission. As sustainable solid waste management evolves through waste awareness among general public, efforts within the industry, and waste management becoming not just an environmental concern but a political and strategic apprehension too, there are realistic chances of advancements and scientific innovations.. However, when the percentage of waste decreases or increases, the workability will be weak and power was generated during the cutting operation [10]. Waste is not separated but often dumped into rivers, contaminating the water. Therefore, waste disposal should be seen as a last resort. It seems that the bonding between the plastic particles and the cement paste is weak [10]. High-density polyethylene boxes or crates have been collected from municipal and landfills as a waste of human activities. Improper disposal of municipal solid waste can create unsanitary conditions, which can lead to environmental …
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