Citizens of Tombstone believed that Behan and Sadie were married, but Behan was a known womanizer and had sex with prostitutes and other women. They portrayed Ike Clanton and Tom McLaury as being unjustly bullied and beaten by the vengeful Earps on the day of the gunfight. [28]:83, Wyatt had been an assistant marshal when he and policeman James Masterson, along with a few other citizens, fired their pistols at several cowboys who were fleeing town after shooting up a theater. She died penniless in December 1944 in Los Angeles, and both she and Wyatt's remains are interred in Colma, Calif. The article said that Behan "was standing near by commanding the contestants to cease firing but was powerless to prevent it." In the movies, they became the good guys, always ready to stand for what is right. By the time of the O.K. The interpersonal conflicts and feuds leading to the gunfight were complex. Somehow King walked in the front door of the jail and a few minutes later out the back. Miner Ruben F. Coleman later told The Tombstone Epitaph:[87][88][89], I was in the O.K. Corral (1957) cast and crew credits, including actors, actresses, directors, writers and more. READ MORE: 6 Things You Should Know About Wyatt Earp. Doc Holliday is a figure from the Old West, a gunman and a gambler who was part of the legendary shootout at the O.K. Behan tended to ignore the Earps' complaints about the McLaurys' and Clantons' horse thieving and cattle rustling. It was not well known to the American public until 1931, when Stuart Lake published the initially well-received biography Wyatt Earp: Frontier Marshal two years after Earp's death. Corral" (1957) … The headline in the San Francisco Exchange was, "A Good Riddance". "[160], Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}31°42′50″N 110°04′03″W / 31.71389°N 110.06750°W / 31.71389; -110.06750, "O.K. [77] Holliday was arrested and pleaded guilty to assault and battery. He found Tombstone Deputy City Marshal Morgan Earp at the Alhambra Saloon instead and told him the news. Chase the crowd away and from the door and give me air." [109] Frank fell to the sidewalk on the east side of Fremont Street. [43], In the borderlands south of Tombstone there was only one passable route between Arizona and Mexico, a passage known as Guadalupe Canyon. [71]:29, Tensions between the Earps and the McLaurys further increased when another passenger stage on the 'Sandy Bob Line' in the Tombstone area, bound for Bisbee, was held up on September 8, 1881. [16]:182, Wyatt and Virgil Earp and Doc Holliday believed that Tom had a revolver at the time of the gunfight. Defense accounts contradicted the testimony of Behan, Claiborne and Allen, who all said that a man had fired a nickel-plated pistol first. The small, historic town of Tombstone was founded by Ed Schieffelin in 1877, who was determined to prospect on Apache land despite warnings that “All you’ll find out there is your tombstone.” Instead, Schieffelin found a silver mine that eventually produced over $37 million in profits.Wealthy merchants in the hopes of cashing in on the mine soon set up shop in Tombstone. Wallace for violating the ordinance. The suspects in both incidents furnished alibis supplied by other Cowboys and were not indicted. Wheel of Fortune, which debuted in 1975, became the longest-running syndicated game show on American television, ...read more. [21], The Earps' work as lawmen was not welcomed by the Cowboys, who viewed the Earps as badge-toting tyrants who ruthlessly enforced the business interests of the town. The next month Mexican Commandant Felipe Neri dispatched troops to the border,[44]:110 where they killed five Cowboys, including Old Man Clanton, in Guadalupe Canyon. The Cowboys maimed Virgil and murdered Morgan but escaped prosecution, and Wyatt's extra-legal campaign for revenge captured people's attention. He had taken the reins and driver's seat in Contention City because the usual driver, a well-known and popular man named Eli "Bud" Philpot, was ill. Philpot was riding shotgun. Corral Gunfight, Commissioned by John Gilchriese in 1966 for his Legendary Tombstone Museum", "Hour of the Gun movie review & film summary (1967)", "Showdown at O.K. Newspapers of the day were not above taking sides, and news reporting often editorialized on issues to reflect the publisher's interests. Morgan Seth Earp (April 24, 1851 – March 18, 1882) was an American sheriff and lawman.He served as Tombstone, Arizona's Special Policeman when he helped his brothers Virgil and Wyatt and Doc Holliday confront the outlaw Cochise County Cowboys in the Gunfight at the O.K. Corral. [58]:185 He gave the shotgun to Doc Holliday who hid it under his overcoat. [137], With the widespread sales of televisions after World War II, producers spun out a large number of western-oriented shows. [5] After pursuing the Cowboys for over 400 miles (640 km) they could not obtain more fresh horses and were forced to give up the chase. [8]:4, Virgil initially avoided a confrontation with the newly arrived Frank McLaury and Billy Clanton, who had not yet deposited their weapons at a hotel or stable as the law required. Corral's rear entrance. Marshal in his place. On December 28, 1881, Virgil Earp was ambushed and maimed in a murder attempt by the Cowboys. [94] Tom and Frank were especially close to Sarah, one of their 14 siblings and half-siblings. "[87] Wyatt said Behan told him and Morgan, "I have disarmed them. Like many frontier mining boomtowns, Tombstone grew rapidly. [5] He had, during the prior month, appointed Morgan as a Special Policeman. [14][13][15][16]:183 Subsequent stories about the gunfight published in the Nugget after that day supported Behan's and the Cowboys' view of events. Joyce then hit Holliday over the head with his revolver. At Fly's boarding house where Holliday and his common-law wife Mary Katharine Horony were sleeping, proprietor Mary Fly heard Clanton's threats and banged on Holliday's door. [139] The episode concluded that the three eyewitnesses for the prosecution (Sheriff Behan, Ike Clanton, and Billy Claiborne) likely offered perjured testimony. Wyatt Earp walked over to the Oriental Saloon and Ike followed him. Section 1. He followed that with a job as a night watchman before he became a constable. After he completed his transcription, he kept the original document in his home, where it was destroyed in a house fire.[18]. at 328 Fremont Street, west of the back entrance to the O.K. Spicer noted that no powder burns were found on his clothing.[115]. Since Wyatt was an off-duty officer, he could not legally search or arrest Tom for carrying a revolver within the city limits — a misdemeanor offense. There was one immediate outcome of the OK Corral gunfight that day: three men were dead, three men were injured. Light testified that Tom fell at the foot of a telegraph pole on the corner of Fremont and 3rd. The assailants were never positively identified, but many believe the two Earps were gunned down as revenge for the events at the O.K. Paul, who normally rode shotgun, later said he thought the first shot killing Philpot had been meant for him.[56][57]. Corral, American western film, released in 1957, that was loosely based on the shootout (1881) that made mythical heroes of Wyatt Earp and Doc Holliday. [61] However, the bulge in Tom's pants pocket may have been the nearly $3,300 (equivalent to $87,000 in 2019) in cash and receipts found on his body, perhaps in payment for stolen Mexican beef purchased by the butcher. The first person they met in the local saloon was Holliday, who was delighted to inform them that their brothers had both been pistol-whipped by the Earps. [62] According to Wyatt, Ike was initially interested, but the plan was foiled when the three suspects — Leonard, Head and Crane — were killed in unrelated incidents. He immediately appointed Johnny Behan as the new deputy sheriff for eastern Pima County, a job that Wyatt wanted. [61] The Earps checked a shoe repair shop in Bisbee known to provide widened boot heels and were able to link the boot print to Stilwell. Morgan Earp had been a police officer in Montana, but had no known experience with gunfighting prior to their arrival in Tombstone. He testified that he saw "the marshal go up and speak to this other party. Milt brandished a pistol and threatened Holliday, but Holliday shot Joyce in the palm, disarming him, and then shot Joyce's business partner William Parker in the big toe. Born in the late 1830s, Anderson grew up in Missouri and moved to Kansas in the late 1850s. Virgil had been hired as Deputy U.S. Work began on ...read more, At Loma Linda University Medical Center in Loma Linda, California, Dr. Leonard L. Bailey performs the first baboon-to-human heart transplant, replacing a 14-day-old infant girl’s defective heart with the healthy, walnut-sized heart of a young baboon. Wyatt testified that he had arrested Tom earlier that day when he found him carrying a weapon earlier in violation of a city ordinance. [78], Holliday and his on-again, off-again mistress Big Nose Kate had many fights. [87] Holliday still concealed the short shotgun under his long jacket. ", "Tensions Grow in Tombstone, Arizona, After a Stage Coach Robbery", "Tombstone's Ordinance No.9 Was Neither Fair Nor Equally Enforced", "Ordinances Enforced by the Earps in the OK Corral Shoot-out", "Testimony of Wyatt S. Earp in the Preliminary Hearing in the Earp-Holliday Case", "The Life and Times of Billy Clanton 1862–1881", "Wyatt Earp Trial: 1881 – A Mysterious Stage Coach Robbery – Clanton, Holliday, Told, Leonard, Doc, and Ike", "The McLaury Brother's Tombstone Story pt. The gunfight at the O.K. Virgil served in the Union Army during the American Civil War and in 1877 became a police officer in Prescott, Arizona Territory. Morgan Earp was struck across both shoulder blades by a bullet that Morgan thought Frank McLaury had fired. OK Corral inquest transcript found in Arizona jailhouse store room . Marshal in Cochise County, then took matters into his own hands in a personal vendetta. In October 1880, Holliday had trouble with a gambler named Johnny Tyler in Milt Joyce's Oriental Saloon. Corral" in his popular book Wyatt Earp: Frontier Marshal. Judge Spicer ruled afterward that "if Thomas McLaury was one of a party who were thus armed and were making felonious resistance to an arrest, and in the melee that followed was shot, the fact of his being unarmed, if it be a fact, could not of itself criminate the defendants [Earps], if they were not otherwise criminated."[115]. In that precinct lived Ike Clanton. He said he shot Frank McLaury after both he and Billy Clanton went for their revolvers: "The first two shots were fired by Billy Clanton and myself, he shooting at me, and I shooting at Frank McLaury. About 30 shots were fired in 30 seconds. Marshal Virgil Earp, along with temporary federal deputies Wyatt and Morgan Earp, Wells Fargo agent Marshall Williams, former Kansas Sheriff Bat Masterson (who was dealing faro at the Oriental Saloon), and County Sheriff Behan set out to find the robbers. Apache warriors had engaged the U.S. Army near Tombstone just three weeks before the O.K. [8], Virgil Earp was not expecting a fight. [58]:181 They were all known Cowboys and rustlers. A story by Richard Rule in the Cowboy-friendly newspaper, the Nugget, told the story in the manner of the day, without attribution. [80] Ike apparently had not heard Virgil tell him that his confiscated weapons were at the Grand Hotel around the corner from Spangenberger's shop. Holliday followed him, exclaiming, "That son of a bitch has shot me and I am going to kill him." [87] Virgil went around the corner on Allen Street to the Wells Fargo office, where he picked up a 10-gauge or 12-gauge, short, double-barreled shotgun. Fallehy placed it next to Frank's body before he was moved to the Harwood house. [45]:234[17] Passersby carried Billy Clanton to the Harwood house, where Tom had been taken. [82]:164 Behan's testimony was significant, since he was a prime witness for the prosecution but had equivocated on this point. Street filling their gun belts with cartridges. 3 men died that day in the streets of Tombstone, Tom and Frank McLaury and Billy Clanton. [80] Justice Wallace fined Ike $25 (equivalent to $660 in 2019) plus court costs. Virgil, Wyatt and other witnesses testified that Holliday was carrying a shotgun. [8] Wyatt told the court afterward that Clanton had bragged that he would kill the Earps or Doc Holliday at his first opportunity. Wyatt saw the shooting and pistol-whipped Brocius, knocking him unconscious, and arrested him. [47] Ike testified afterward that Tom was not there and that he had tried to buy a new revolver but the owner saw Ike's bandaged head and refused to sell him one. He bought a stagecoach, only to find the business was already very competitive. Doc Holliday hung back a step or two on Fremont Street. They claimed that they had been present and witnessed the shootout. https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/shootout-at-the-ok-corral Corral. Once Behan said that he'd disarmed the Cowboys, Virgil moved Doc's cane to his right hand and shifted the pistol in his waistband from the right side to his left. HISTORY reviews and updates its content regularly to ensure it is complete and accurate. The movie and accompanying mythologizing also altered the way that the public thought of the Earps and the outlaws. Both Tom and Ike had spent the night gambling, drinking heavily, and without sleep. They arrived from Antelope Springs, 13 miles (21 km) east of Tombstone, where they had been rounding up stock and had breakfasted with Ike and Tom the day before. Both Wyatt and Virgil believed Tom McLaury was armed and testified that he had fired at least one shot over the back of a horse. street between Allen and Fremont, a block or two from where Wyatt saw the Cowboys buying cartridges. Gage, Wells Fargo undercover agent Fred Dodge, and other business owners appreciative of the Earps' efforts to maintain order. You told me these men were disarmed; I went to disarm them. This was a federal matter because the animals were U.S. property. At the scene of the holdup, Wyatt discovered an unusual boot print left by someone wearing a custom-repaired boot heel. Quick facts. Ike and other Cowboys believed the new arrest was further evidence that the Earps were illegally persecuting the Cowboys. "[47] Behan testified afterward that he'd only said he'd gone down to the Cowboys "for the purpose of disarming them," not that he'd actually disarmed them. For the next few weeks, Virgil represented federal and local law enforcement and Wyatt represented Pima County.[26]:122–123. He began his speech by reading a “Proclamation of ...read more, On October 26, 1776, exactly one month to the day after being named an agent of a diplomatic commission by the Continental Congress, Benjamin Franklin sets sail from Philadelphia for France, with which he was to negotiate and secure a formal alliance and treaty. Hurst went to nearby Charleston, but the Cowboys showed up two days later without the mules, laughing at Hurst and the Earps. [98][119], Ruben F. Coleman also said afterward that he thought Tom was armed, though he later equivocated on this point. Corral didn't actually happen at a corral. Dr. George Goodfellow testified about Billy Clanton's wounds at the Spicer hearing. Silver mining and its attendant wealth attracted many professionals and merchants, who brought their wives and families. The Earps were known to bend the law in their favor when it affected their gambling and saloon interests, which earned them further enmity with the Cowboy faction.[39]. Votes arrived as late as November 7, and Shibell was unexpectedly re-elected. ", Ike Clanton was hear to reply, "Fight is my racket, and all I want is four feet of ground! Corral gunfight, so the need for weapons outside of town was well established and accepted. The Cochise County sheriff's position was worth more than $40,000 a year (equivalent to $1.1 million in 2019) because the office holder was also county assessor and tax collector, and the board of supervisors allowed him to keep ten percent of the amounts paid. He told those near him, "They have murdered me. Either Frank or Billy shot Virgil Earp in the calf (Virgil thought it was Billy). ", Virgil Earp picked up the shotgun he had retrieved from the Wells Fargo office earlier. Judge Spicer dropped the charges for insufficient evidence just as he had done for Doc Holliday earlier in the year.[73]. Many took sides with the deceased Cowboys. The caskets of Tom McLaury, Frank McLaury, and Billy Clanton, the casualties of the gunfight at the O.K. (In that time and region, the term cowboy generally meant an outlaw; legitimate cowmen were instead referred to as cattle herders or ranchers.[8]:194). The gunfight at the O.K. [10] He was elected as Tombstone's first mayor under the new city charter of 1881. Paul finally became sheriff in April 1881, but it was too late to re-appoint Wyatt Earp as deputy sheriff because on February 1, 1881, the eastern portion of Pima County containing Tombstone had been split off into the new Cochise County, which would need its own sheriff, based in the county's largest city, Tombstone. On October 26, 1881, Tombstone, Arizona saw the Earp brothers and Doc Holliday faced off with the Clantons and the Cowboys in perhaps the most famous gunfight in US history, The Gunfight at The O.K. Corral" redirects here. When the dust cleared, Billy Clanton and the McLaury brothers were dead, and Virgil and Morgan Earp and Doc Holliday were wounded. A member of the group, George Hoyt (sometimes spelled Hoy), was shot in the arm and died of his wound a month later. In the November 2, 1880 election for Pima County sheriff, Democrat Shibell ran against Republican Bob Paul, who was expected to win. Holliday was a good friend of Bill Leonard, a former watchmaker from New York, one of three men implicated in the robbery. Three Cowboys attempted to rob the stage. Dr. Henry M. Mathews examined the dead Cowboys late that night. I was watching an episode of Wyatt Earp on T.V. Earp testified that he told Ike he had not told Holliday anything. [131] Gilchreise had 500 lithographic prints reproduced from the original, which Perceval signed. "[121], The funerals for Billy Clanton (age 19), Tom McLaury (age 28) and his older brother Frank (age 33) were well attended. She signed an affidavit implicating Holliday in the attempted stagecoach robbery and murders. He had been living in Prescott, Arizona Territory and making a living as a gambler since late 1879. By 1881 the town boasted fancy restaurants, a bowling alley, four churches, an ice house, a school, an opera house, two banks, three newspapers, and an ice cream parlor, along with 110 saloons, 14 gambling halls,[4] and numerous brothels, all situated among a number of dirty, hardscrabble mines. Tom was closer to C. S. Fly's boarding house. He woke Virgil, who listened, and went back to sleep. Location: On a street near, but not in, the OK Corral in Tombstone. Dodge, who had been sick, got up and went looking for city marshal Virgil Earp. In testimony given by witnesses afterward, they disagreed about the precise location of the men before, during and after the gunfight. The Earps walked further down Fremont street and came into full view of the Cowboys in the lot. Joyce ordered Holliday removed from the saloon but would not return Holliday's revolver. That's where he first learned that the Cowboys were armed. In May 1988, his studio printed and sold a limited edition of 390 copies of the painting. Gilchriese opened the Wyatt Earp Museum in Tombstone in 1966 and commissioned Western artist Don Perceval to paint the Gunfight at the O.K. The testimony recorded by the court recorder and the two newspapers varied greatly. [107] Fallehy also saw Tom stagger across the street until he fell on his back. Wyatt Earp lived with Mattie Blaylock,[66]:159 who was listed as his wife in the 1880 census. Other stories in the Epitaph countered the Nugget's later view entirely and supported the lawmen. Earp threw her over for Josephine Marcus (another prostitute), and Mattie died in 1888 of an intentional overdose. Lake. [12] The documents were subsequently lost and are still unaccounted for. [19] Virgil was appointed Deputy U.S. It was just a routine fielding error, but it was a disaster for the Boston Red Sox: It was the 10th inning ...read more, On October 26, 2001, President George W. Bush signs the Patriot Act, an anti-terrorism law drawn up in response to the attacks on the Pentagon and World Trade Center on September 11, 2001. The two Model 1873 rifles were still in the scabbards on Frank and Tom McLaury's horses when they were found after the gunfight. "[81][82] Ike said in his testimony afterward that he remembered neither meeting Boyle nor making any such statements that day. However, on June 6, 1881, Sippy asked for a two-week leave of absence. James, Virgil, and Wyatt Earp, together with their wives, arrived in Tombstone on December 1, 1879, during the early period of rapid growth associated with mining, when there were only a few hundred residents. II", "Wyatt Earp: Timeline – Tombstone and Increasing Tensions", "LA Then and Now: Mrs. Wyatt Earp Packed Her Own Punch", "Doc Goodfellow: Arizona's Gutsiest Physician from the Territorial Days", "The Complete List of Historical Women – Last Name Begins with B", "Decision of Judge Wells Spicer after the Preliminary Hearing in the Earp-Holliday Case", "Pete Spence – Escaping the Wrath of the Earps", "Testimony of Ike Clanton in the Preliminary Hearing in the Earp-Holliday Case", "Testimony of E. F. Boyle in the Preliminary Hearing in the Earp-Holliday Case", "Testimony of R. J. Campbell in the Preliminary Hearing in the Earp-Holliday Case", "Testimony of A. Bauer in the Preliminary Hearing in the Earp-Holliday Case", "Testimony of Virgil Earp in the Preliminary Hearing in the Earp Case", "O.K. [88] Those loyal to one side or the other told conflicting stories, and independent eyewitnesses who did not know the participants by sight were unable to say for certain who shot first. [9]:180[20] The Earps were Republicans and Northerners who had never worked as cowmen or ranchers. Frank was in the center between the two buildings, holding the reins of his horse. [47], Billy Clanton and Frank McLaury wore revolvers in holsters on their belts and stood alongside their saddled horses with rifles in their scabbards, possibly in violation of the city ordinance prohibiting carrying weapons in town. Wyatt was to Virgil's left, opposite Tom. [82]:154 Virgil and Wyatt were now firing. [citation needed] Holliday was carrying a nickel-plated pistol in a holster, but this was concealed by his long coat, as was the shotgun. Further information on the ambush and murder of outlaw Cowboys: Further information on his service as a lawman in Tombstone: Rural outlaw cowboys and allies vs. business owners, townspeople, and the law, Earp and Behan attracted to Josephine Marcus, Events leading up to the Ike Clanton court hearing, Bulletin of the London Mathematical Society, Arizona Territory in the American Civil War, "Born to Uphold the Law: Frank Sulloway's Principles Applied to the Earp-Clanton Feud of 1879–1882", "Gunfight at the O.K. In early 1881, Sadie ended the relationship after she came home and found Behan in bed with the wife of a friend[64] and kicked him out,[65] although she used the Behan surname through the end of that summer.
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